Black Vote & Presidential Elections
I thought I'd take a look at how blacks vote in presidential elections. This is my source for my data. I wanted to go back to 1972; but UConn didn't post results going back that far. But the results are:
SINCE 1976
AVERAGE BLACK VOTE FOR DEMOCRATS: 87.33%
AVERAGE BLACK VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS: 10.78%
Of the last 9 elections the Republicans have won the White House 5 times and the Democrats 4 times. So I thought I'd look at the % Black Vote Republicans win both when the won and lost the White House.
REPUBLICANS WIN WHITE HOUSE: 10.8%
REPUBLICANS LOOSE WHITE HOUSE: 10.75%
SINCE 1976 WITH 2008
PEAK BLACK VOTE FOR DEMOCRATS: 95% (Democratic Win)
LOW BLACK VOTE FOR DEMOCRATS: 83% (2 Democratic Wins & 1 Republican Win)
PEAK BLACK VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS: 17% (Democratic Win)
LOW BLACK VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS: 4% (Democratic Win)
SINCE 1976 WITHOUT 2008
PEAK BLACK VOTE FOR DEMOCRATS: 91% (Republican Win)
LOW BLACK VOTE FOR DEMOCRATS: 83% (2 Democratic Wins & 1 Republican Win)
PEAK BLACK VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS: 17% (Democratic Win)
LOW BLACK VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS: 9% (2 Republican Wins)
Then I decided to look at the last three elections.
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SINCE 2000
AVERAGE BLACK VOTE FOR DEMOCRATS: 91%
AVERAGE BLACK VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS: 8%
REPUBLICANS WIN WHITE HOUSE: 10%
REPUBLICANS LOOSE WHITE HOUSE: 4%
(NOTE: I almost didn't run the second set of numbers because of the small sample size. One loss and two victories does not really make for a good trend.)
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CONCLUSIONS
1) There is no trend indicating that a swing in the black vote effects who wins the White House. If you take out 2008 and look at the top three times Democrats have polled the black vote (91% in 1984, 90% in 2000 and 89% in 1988) the Republican won. Likewise if you look at the elections where Republicans did their worst (9% in 1984 & 2000, 10% in 1992) they won 2 and lost 1.
2) The average Republican vote for either a win or loss is around 10%. In fact of the three years that Republicans did best amongst blacks (17% in 1976, 14% in 1984 and 12% in 1996) they lost two of those contests.
3) While 2008 was a slaughter for the Republicans with the black vote (4%) and 2012 probably won't be much different; the black population is in decline as a % of the US population. Combined with Obama's 'evolution' on gay marriage and the incredibly high rate of unemployment in black communities this demographic's turn-out may be depressed; however there may be a racially charged element to the race that could provide a boost to turn-out. My main point here is that it all about turn-out in the black community. It could be 100% but with a low turn-out amongst blacks...Obama looses. Likewise, Romney could poll (if it 1976 not 2012**) 17% of the vote but with a giant turn-out Obama would win.
So overall...the black vote will most likely NOT be key factor in and Obama victory (or a Romney defeat). However, depressed turn-out could be important (secondarily or tertiary) to a Romney victory.
NOTE
** This year the Obama campaign is taking a very ballsy campaign strategy where they have essentially abandoned the white working class voter in favor of making a coalition of minorities. Obama would be the first to win election/re-election without winning this demographic especially white males.