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Knowledge Thread

10,646 Views | 549 Replies

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-12 01:29:12


The longest word ever


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eonylvalylarginylphenylalanylprolylglycylaspartylvalyltyrosyllysylvalyltyrosylarginyltyrosylasparaginylal anylvalylleucylaspartylprolylleucylisoleucylthreonylalanylleucylleucylglycylthreonylphenylalanylasparty lthreonylarginylasparaginylarginylisoleucylisoleucylglutamylvalylglutamylasparaginylglutaminylglutami nylserylprolylthreonylthreonylalanylglutamylthreonylleucylaspartylalanylthreonylarginylarginylvalylasp artylaspartylalanylthreonylvalylalanylisoleucylarginylserylalanylasparaginylisoleucylasparaginylleucylv alylasparaginylglutamylleucylvalylarginylglycylthreonylglycylleucyltyrosylasparaginylglutaminylaspara ginylthreonylphenylalanylglutamylserylmethionylserylglycylleucylvalyltryptophylthreonylserylalanylprol ylalanyltitinmethionylglutaminylarginyltyrosylglutamylserylleucylphenylalanylalanylisoleucylcysteinylpr olylprolylaspartylalanylaspartylaspartylaspartylleucylleucylarginylglutaminylisoleucylalanylseryltyrosyl glycylarginylglycyltyrosylthreonyltyrosylleucylleucylserylarginylalanylglycylvalylthreonylglycylalanylglut amylasparaginylarginylalanylalanylleucylprolylleucylasparaginylhistidylleucylvalylalanyllysylleucyllysyl glutamyltyrosylasparaginylalanylalanylprolylprolylleucylglutaminylglycylphenylalanylglycylisoleucylser ylalanylprolylaspartylglutaminylvalyllysylalanylalanylisoleucylaspartylalanylglycylalanylalanylglycylala nylisoleucylserylglycylserylalanylisoleucylvalyllysylisoleucylisoleucylglutamylglutaminylhistidylasparag inylisoleucylglutamylprolylglutamyllysylmethionylleucylalanylalanylleucyllysylvalylphenylalanylvalylglut...isoleucine is the chemical name of titin


Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-12 01:30:55


that word have 189,819 letters so thats not complete

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-12 05:52:37


Psychopaths often begin a life of crime when they are young. Personality traits of a psychopath include charm, charisma, fearlessness, a massive ego and a lack of conscience

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-12 20:30:57


Scientists report that Chelyabinsk was the largest meteor to hit the earth in the modern recording period, over 60-feet (20 meters) in diameter. Over 7,000 buildings were damaged and 1,500 people injured from the incident.


Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-13 00:09:27


The uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously determine the precise values of two incompatible observables. Examples include position and momentum of a particle. It can be derived from the principles of quantum mechanics.


A similar reasoning demonstrates an analogous relation between energy and time. The appearances of virtual particles from the quantum vacuum is a manifestation of energy-time uncertainty relations.


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Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-13 03:02:09


Salvator Mundi by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci ( c. 1500) is the most expensive painting ever sold as of 2019. This is a list of the highest known prices paid for paintings.The cost of that painting is $450.3 million.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-13 10:01:34


Mount Everest's peak is the highest altitude above mean sea level at 29,029 feet [8,848 meters]. Mount Chimborazo's peak is the furthest point on Earth from Earth's center.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-13 19:16:58


It is believed that the earliest glass object was created around 3500BC in Egypt and Eastern Mesopotamia. The oldest specimens of glass are from Egypt and date back to 2000 B.C. In 1500BC the industry was well established in Egypt. After 1200BC the Egyptians learned to press glass into molds.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-14 02:27:27


World War II was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries. Sparked by the 1939 Nazi invasion of Poland, the war dragged on for six bloody years until the Allies defeated Nazi Germany and Japan in 1945

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-14 09:32:06


Temperature in the inner core is about 5,200° Celsius (9,392° Fahrenheit). The pressure is nearly 3.6 million atmosphere (atm). The temperature of the inner core is far above the melting point of iron. However, unlike the outer core, the inner core is not liquid or even molten.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-14 22:25:52


The internet was invented in 1973 by vinton gray cerf . The Internet actually had its beginnings way back in the 1950s when the space race with Russia was on.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-15 01:30:23


The biggest and baddest of all the naturally occurring elements is plutonium with an atomic number of 94. Unlike other naturally occurring radionuclides Pu gives off alpha, beta and gamma radiation. As well as being highly radioactive this element is also toxic like other heavy metals are.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-15 09:01:48


the universal scholar Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is referred to as the discoverer or inventor of the binary system. During his lifetime there was no use for such a system, but since the 1940s it has been an important basis for electronic digital computers.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-15 19:50:24


Kepler-438b (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-3284.01) is a confirmed near-Earth-sized exoplanet. It is likely rocky. It orbits on the inner edge of the habitable zone of a red dwarf, Kepler-438, about 472.9 light-years (141,8 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Lyra. It receives 1.4 times our solar flux

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-15 20:14:14


536 AD is generally considered to have been the worst year to have been alive.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-16 01:04:59


The Guinness Book of World Records gives the honor to Marcel Proust's elephantine Remembrance of Things Past, weighing in at 9,609,000 characters (including spaces). Other commentators cite Henry Darger's In the Realms of the Unreal, a 15,000 page, handwritten tome that has yet to see print

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-16 01:35:06


At 9/8/21 11:52 AM, Sobolev wrote: In many areas of physics, there are various symmetries associated with a physical theory.
At low energies, some of the symmetries can be broken, as shown below. In this case, the theory has continuous rotation symmetry that is broken by the ground state particle.

The Goldstone theorem dictates that one massless boson (Goldstone boson) is associated with each spontaneous broken continuous symmetry.


Here is an application of spontaneous symmetry breaking.


The Higgs field has a potential similar to the diagram. The overall shape of the potential is symmetrical but the bottom of the potential, which represents the ground state of Higgs field, does not lie at the origin. That is, the Higgs field has a non-zero vacuum expectation value and this breaks rotational invariance of the ground state.


Symmetry breaking will then cause the appearance of massless particles, the Higgs bosons. It turns out that they will then be “eaten” by gauge bosons (The Z and W bosons) in weak interactions. This process gives the gauge bosons masses.


This is known as the Higgs mechanism.


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Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-16 06:42:25 (edited 2021-09-16 06:45:08)


At 9/16/21 01:35 AM, Sobolev wrote:
At 9/8/21 11:52 AM, Sobolev wrote: In many areas of physics, there are various symmetries associated with a physical theory.
At low energies, some of the symmetries can be broken, as shown below. In this case, the theory has continuous rotation symmetry that is broken by the ground state particle.

The Goldstone theorem dictates that one massless boson (Goldstone boson) is associated with each spontaneous broken continuous symmetry.
Here is an application of spontaneous symmetry breaking.

The Higgs field has a potential similar to the diagram. The overall shape of the potential is symmetrical but the bottom of the potential, which represents the ground state of Higgs field, does not lie at the origin. That is, the Higgs field has a non-zero vacuum expectation value and this breaks rotational invariance of the ground state.

Symmetry breaking will then cause the appearance of massless particles, the Higgs bosons. It turns out that they will then be “eaten” by gauge bosons (The Z and W bosons) in weak interactions. This process gives the gauge bosons masses.

This is known as the Higgs mechanism.


As a side note, one may wonder why, despite the Higgs mechanism, photons, which are also gauge bosons, remain massless.


This is because the U(1) symmetry (this is just a symmetry under multiplication by complex numbers in the unit circle) remains unbroken. If a theory respects U(1) symmetry, then there must be no mass terms.


The U(1) gauge group describes electromagnetism. Photons are force-carriers in quantum electrodynamics.


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I mainly focus on WPac and NATL basin.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-16 10:36:11


Cancer cells have gene mutations that turn the cell from a normal cell into a cancer cell. These gene mutations may be inherited, develop over time as we get older and genes wear out, or develop if we are around something that damages our genes, like cigarette smoke, alcohol or ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-16 21:11:56


The slope of a linear function is calculated by rearranging the equation to its general form, f(x) = mx + c; where m is the slope. The vertex of a quadratic function is calculated by rearranging the equation to its general form, f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k; where (h, k) is the vertex

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-17 01:47:37


Hadalpelagic zone Largely unexplored deep sea trenches and canyons. The deepest known point lies within the Mariana Trench, near Japan, at 36,072 feet (10,995 m). Despite the tremendous pressure and low temperature we know life is present. To date, the Hadalpelgic layer has only been visited by the manned Deepsea Challenger submarine and the Trieste (bathyscaphe), Kaiko and Nereus remote controlled submersibles.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-17 07:53:39


The present year, 2021, can be transformed into a Holocene year by adding the digit "1" before it, making it 12,021 HE. Years BC/BCE are converted by subtracting the BC/BCE year number from 10,001. Beginning of the Meghalayan age, the current and latest of the three stages in the Holocene era.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-17 14:27:18


An estimated 25 million meteoroids, micrometeoroids and other space debris enter Earth's atmosphere each day, which results in an estimated 15,000 tonnes of that material entering the atmosphere each year.


Imagine what happen if atmosphere gone for 1 day

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-17 21:24:48


The inner core is a hot, dense ball of (mostly) iron. ... The temperature of the inner core is far above the melting point of iron. However, unlike the outer core, the inner core is not liquid or even molten. The inner core's intense pressure—the entire rest of the planet and its atmosphere—prevents the iron from melting.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-17 23:45:31


In particle physics, helicity of a particle is just the orientation of spin relative to its motion.

iu_421191_779242.png

Chirality is similar to helicity, but it is much more abstract. (Chirality determines how a particle transforms under rotation and boosts of space-time.)


For massless particles, helicity is identical to chirality and both are invariant under space-time transformations.

In contrast, it is possible for an observer to travel faster than massive particles and the concept of helicity is observer-dependent, whereas chirality does not depend on the observer's reference frame.


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Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-18 06:29:48


Did you know that pterosaurs are not dinosaurs, they are just close relatives of dinosaurs

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-18 08:13:14


Subatomic particles include electrons, the negatively charged, almost massless particles that nevertheless account for most of the size of the atom, and they include the heavier building blocks of the small but very dense nucleus of the atom, the positively charged protons and the electrically neutral neutrons

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-18 11:12:13


An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines achemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons. Each electron is negatively charged. The nucleus is positively charged, and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-18 11:34:50 (edited 2021-09-18 11:37:03)


Topology is the mathematical study of shapes and spaces. It also has lots of applications in physics.

One example is the Aharonov-Bohm effect, which highlights the fundamental role of potentials in quantum mechanics.


To put it simply, the experiment consists of placing a long solenoid behind a double slit, as shown. Notice that the magnetic field is confined to inside the solenoid (outside the solenoid, the field is 0). One compares the interference pattern produced by the electrically charged source before and after the solenoid is turned on.

iu_421521_779242.png

It was found that the interference pattern on screen changed once the magnetic field inside the solenoid was turned on, even though the electric field strength F=dA was 0 outside.


This phenomenon can be explained by the mathematical fact that the empty region outside the solenoid (R^3 - R) is not homotopy equivalent to R^3 (empty space without the solenoid) and as a result, the potential A outside the solenoid cannot be argued to be 0 and thus the wavefunction, an object that describes the probability of an electrically charged particle to be found at a specified point, and hence the interference pattern, picks up a phase factor that depends on the non-vanishing electric potential A that shifts the interference pattern.


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I mainly focus on WPac and NATL basin.

Response to Knowledge Thread 2021-09-18 23:18:47


PEMDAS, which stands for: parentheses, exponents, multiplication and division from left to right, and addition and subtraction from left to right. There are no parentheses or exponents, so start with multiplication and division from left to right.